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WHAT ARE FIDDLEHEADS?
All ferns can be called Fiddleheads, but only the Ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris) is considered to be an edible delicacy vegetable. They are perennial (and pop up along with Dandelion Greens every Spring), grow fast and are harvested before the fronds have opened to their full height. They’ve a unique earthy flavor and sometimes compared to having an asparagus or a spinach flavor.

In the Spring (late April through May), the dark green, tender curled heads of the fern begin to emerge from their pods/crowns. Housed in a light brown papery chaff they burst out of, Fiddleheads are pinched or snapped off close to the ground (with a stem of about 1 1/2″ long). Pods are never picked completely – leaving 2 or 3 fiddlers on the pod ensures its’ survival.

The coil and stem are smooth and never furry or fuzzy. The stem will be grooved on the inside somewhat. Fiddleheads should always be rinsed several times in ice cold water to clean and keep them crisp, then steamed or boiled (approx. 15 min) and never eaten raw.

Nutritional Information:
According to scientists, Fiddleheads are well on their way to being the next Super food.
Nutritionally, the Fiddlehead is similar to spinach, which we know as being “a good for you” vegetable, explains Dr. DeLong. The total antioxidant activity in Fiddleheads is twice that of blueberries, adds Dr. DeLong. Unlike spinach, Fiddleheads contain EPA omega-3 fatty acids, as well as high concentrations of antioxidants.

Braised leg of lamb cleopatra  Print Recipe

Serves: 8

Preparation time: 20 minutes

Cooking time:3 hours

This is a recipe from restaurant Daniel in New York City. It is great. Rubbing the leg of lamb with a combination of 11 spices, then baking it slowly for 3 hours with a vegetable garnish produces an exquisitely tender and aromatic dish.
1 whole leg of lamb
8 garlic cloves
salt and pepper to taste
1/4 cup olive oil
3 cups onions, chopped
4 cups carrots, chopped
3 cups celery, chopped
2 cups , chopped
1 jalapeño, seeded, minced
4 cups tomatoes, peeled, chopped
6 cups chicken stock
1/4 cup italian parsley, chopped

Spice mix
Combine the following spices, all ground
2 tablespoons cumin
2 teaspoons cinnamon
1 teaspoons allspice
1 tablespoon coriander
1/2 teaspoon nutmeg
1/2 teaspoon seeds
1 tablespoon cardamon
1 teaspoons ginger
1/2 teaspoon star anise
1 teaspoon cayenne pepper
a pinch cloves

Couscous
1 pound instant couscous
2 cups chicken stock
1 teaspoon honey
1/4 cup golden raisins, small
3 tablespoons sweet butter
1/4 cup pine nuts, toasted
2 tablespoons coriander, chopped Blend the spices into a blender to obtain a fine powder.

Preheat oven to 375 degrees.
Remove lamb hip bone.
Make 18 incisions all around meat with a small knife. Insert small garlic sticks in meat.
Rub lamb with 4 tablespoons of the spice mix, and salt and pepper. Heat olive in a deep roasting pan, brown the lamb on all sides over high heat.
Add remaining garlic, onions, carrots, celery, , and jalapeño. Stir well. Add tomatoes, 1 tablespoon spice mix, and salt. Cover pan, and roast for 1 hour.
Add hot chicken stock to lamb; Decrease oven temperature to 300 degrees. Cover and cook another 2 hours. Turn lamb every 20 minutes.
Remove lamb from pan with vegetables. Add parsley to sauce with salt and pepper; Spread couscous into a casserole. Pour hot chicken stock, honey and 1/2 tablespoon spice mix, and raisins over couscous. Cover. Remove from heat. Add butter, pine nuts, and coriander leaves. Keep warm until ready to serve.
Arrange lamb and vegetables on a platter. Cover with sauce. Carve meat and serve with couscous.

Braised salmon steaks with fennel and thyme  Print Recipe

Serves: 4

Preparation time: 15 minutes

Cooking time:30 minutes


4 8-ounce salmon steaks
1 pound bulbs
1 tablespoon olive oil
2 tablespoons fresh thyme, chopped
1/4 cup white wine
salt and pepper to taste Preheat oven to 400 degrees. Rinse salmon in cold water. Pat dry with paper towels. Trim the base and stalks of the bulbs. Cut across into thin slices.
Heat the oil in a medium frying pan. Add the and saute about 5 minutes, until softened. Add one half of the chopped thyme, white wine, salt and pepper, and cook for 2 minutes.
Transfer the to a buttered baking dish.
Arrange the salmon steaks on top, and season with salt and pepper, and the remaining chopped thyme. Cover the fish with foil and bake for 10 to 12 minutes.
PRESENTATION
Transfer salmon steaks to warm plates. Cover with and pan juices. Serve hot.

Celery root and fennel slaw with green apple and manchego  Print Recipe

Serves: 4

Preparation time:20 minutes

Cooking time:5 minutes


1/3 cup raw pumpkin seeds (pepitas)
1/2 cup olive oil
Kosher salt, freshly ground pepper
3 tablespoons fresh lemon juice
1/4 cup rice wine vinegar
1 tablespoon Dijon mustard
2 teaspoons pure maple syrup
4 cups very thinly sliced
1 1/2 cups matchsticks Granny Smith apple (from about 1/2 large)
1 1/2 cups matchsticks peeled celery root (from about 1/4 small) or celery
1 1/2 cups matchsticks peeled daikon (from about 1/2 medium)
3 ounces Manchego cheese, shaved, divided Preheat oven to 350°F. Toss pumpkin seeds and 1 tsp. oil on a rimmed baking sheet; season with salt and pepper. Bake until golden brown and puffed, about 5 minutes; let cool. Finely chop 2 Tbsp. pumpkin seeds. 

Whisk chopped pumpkin seeds, lemon juice, mustard, maple syrup, vinegar and remaining oil in a medium bowl; season dressing with salt and pepper.


Combine , Asian pear, celery root, Granny Smith apple, most of the Manchego, and remaining pumpkin seeds in a large bowl. Drizzle dressing over top and toss to combine; season with salt and pepper. Top with remaining Manchego.

Dried tomato and fennel stuffing  Print Recipe

Serves: 12

Preparation time: 20 minutes

Cooking time:45 minutes


10 cups diced country style bread
11/2 pounds bulbs
1/2 cup unsalted butter
1/2 cup drained oil-packed dried tomatoes, cut into 1/4-inch dice
3 cups chicken broth
2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar
1 teaspoon dried basil
1/2 teaspoon dried oregano
Salt and pepper to taste Preheat oven at 325 degrees.
Toast bread cubes on a baking pan until just dry. Trim bulbs, discarding stalks.
Dice stalks into 1/4-inch dice. In a large skillet, melt butter; cook over moderate heat for about 15 minutes. Simmer tomatoes in chicken broth for 10 minutes.
In a large bowl, toss together all the ingredients. Cool. May be made a day ahead.

Fennel and citrus salad  Print Recipe

Serves: 4

Preparation time:15 minutes


2 bulbs, sliced very thing
1/4 wine vinegar
1 tsp. Dijon mustard
6 Tbsp. extra-virgin olive oil
1/2 chopped dates
1 Tbsp. chopped fresh basil
1 Tbsp. chopped fresh cilantro
1 Tbsp. chopped fresh mint
1 medium red chile (such as
a Fresno or cayenne), thinly sliced
Segments from 2 oranges
Segments from 1 grapefruit
2 Tbsp. chopped pistachios 1. In a bowl of ice water, soak the sliced
till crisp, about 5 minutes. Strain,
dry well, and set aside.
2. In a large mixing bowl, whisk the
vinegar, mustard, and some salt and
pepper. Whisk in the olive oil to make
dressing. Add the dates, basil, cilantro,
mint, chile, citrus segments, and .
Toss well, then divide the salad among 4
serving plates. Garnish with the pistachios

Longevity stew with black eyed peas  Print Recipe

Serves: 4

Preparation time:15 minutes

Cooking time:1 hour

Great recipe from the blue zones region of Ikaria. It’s also perfect for anyone following the Mediterranean diet.
½ cup extra virgin olive oil
1 large red onion, finely chopped
4 garlic cloves, finely chopped
2 cups bulb chopped
1 cup (8 ounces) black eyed peas (with dried peas, bring to a boil, boil for 1 minute, remove from heat, cover and let sit for an hour. Drain, rinse, and use.)
1 large, firm ripe tomato, finely chopped
2 tsp tomato paste, diluted in ¼ cup water
2 bay leaves
salt to taste
1 bunch dill, finely chopped Heat half the olive oil over medium heat and cook the onion, garlic, and bulb stirring occasionally, until soft (about 12 minutes). Add the black-eyed peas and toss to coat in the oil.
Add the tomato, tomato paste and enough water to cover the beans by about an inch. Add the bay leaves. Bring to a boil, reduce heat and simmer until the black-eyed peas are about half way cooked. (Check after 40 minutes, but it may take over an hour.)
Add the chopped dill and season with salt.
Continue cooking until the black-eyed peas are tender. Remove, pour in remaining raw olive oil and serve.

Rosemary-roasted chicken with potatoes and fennel  Print Recipe

Serves: 8

Preparation time: 30 minutes

Cooking time:1 hour 30 minutes


2 medium bulbs
2 pounds small red potatoes, scrubbed and cut into 1-inch pieces
2 chickens, 3 pounds, (1.5 kg) each
6 sprigs fresh rosemary
1 teaspoon olive oil
1 tablespoon chopped fresh rosemary leaves
to taste salt and pepper
fresh rosemary for garnish In large roasting pan, combine and potatoes. Rinse and dry cavities of chickens; remove any excess fat from cavities. Place 3 sprigs of rosemary inside each chicken.
Tie legs of each chicken together over cavity; tuck wing tips under backs.
Place chickens, breast side up, on top of vegetables. Brush skin of each chicken with olive oil. Sprinkle evenly with chopped rosemary, salt and pepper. Roast in 450 degree F. oven for 15 minutes.
Reduce heat to 350 degrees; roast 1-3/4 hours or until drumsticks move easily in sockets and juices run clear when thickest part of thighs is pierced with a skewer.
Transfer chickens to board. Cover with foil; let stand 5 to 10 minutes. With slotted spoon, spoon vegetables onto heated serving platter. Place chickens on top of vegetables; garnish with rosemary.

Salmon and spinach strudel  Print Recipe

Serves: 6

Preparation time:20 minutes

Cooking time:25 minutes

May be served with a saffron-green peppercorn reduction (1 shallot sauteed in olive oil, add a pinch of saffron,1 tsp green peppercorns, half cup white wine, reduce, then a cup and a half of cream, reduce) and piped designs onto the plate with basil pesto.
2 cups cooked spinach, well drained and chopped
1 cup chopped onion
3/4 cup chopped bulb
1 stick (1/2 cup) unsalted butter
2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
1/2 cup milk
2 tablespoons Ricard or other anise-flavored spirit
1/2 cup plus 2 tablespoons freshly grated Parmesan
2 lbs salmon fillet, boned and skinned
2 tablespoons water
2 tablespoons fine dry bread crumbs
six 18- by 14-inch sheets of phyllo, stacked between 2 sheets of wax paper and covered with a dampened kitchen towel
salt, pepper and lemon juice
In the saucepan cook the onion and the bulb in 2 tablespoons of the butter over moderate heat, stirring, until the vegetables are softened, stir in the flour, and cook the mixture, stirring, for 1 minute. Add the milk and Pernod and cook the mixture, stirring, for 3 minutes. (The mixture will be very thick.) Stir the mixture into the spinach with 1/2 cup of the Parmesan and salt and pepper to taste. The filling may be made 1 day in advance and kept covered and chilled.
Season the salmon fillet with salt, pepper and lemon juice.
In a small bowl stir together 2 tablespoons Parmesan and the bread crumbs.
Preheat the oven to 375°F. In a small saucepan melt the remaining 5 tablespoons butter. On a work surface arrange two 20-inch-long sheets of wax paper with the long sides slightly overlapping and facing you. Put 1 sheet of the phyllo on the wax paper, brush it with some of the butter, and sprinkle it with about 2 teaspoons of the Parmesan crumbs. On this, layer, brush, and sprinkle 4 more sheets of the phyllo in the same manner and lay the sixth sheet on top.
Spread the spinach filling in a 3-inch-wide strip, mounding it on the phyllo 4 inches above the near long side, leaving a 2-inch border at each end, and arrange the salmon on top, pressing it gently into the filling. Using the wax paper as a guide, lift the bottom 4 inches of the pastry over the filling, fold in the ends, and roll up the strudel tightly. Transfer the strudel carefully, seam side down, to a lightly buttered baking sheet, brush it with the remaining butter, and bake it in the lower third of the oven for 30 to 40 minutes, or until it is golden. Let the strudel cool to warm on the baking sheet on a rack. Serve the strudel warm, cut into 1-inch slices with a serrated knife, with the lemon wedges.

Snow Pea fennel and Enoki Mushroom Salad  Print Recipe

Serves: 4

Preparation time: 30 minutes

Cooking time:40 minutes


1/4 cup plus 2 tablespoons silken tofu
2 teaspoons extra-virgin olive oil
1 1/2 teaspoons tamari or soy sauce
1 teaspoon unseasoned rice vinegar
1 teaspoon fresh lemon juice
1 teaspoon finely grated peeled fresh ginger
1/4 teaspoon Asian sesame oil
Salt
1 cup snow peas (3 ounces)
1 bulb, sliced
1/4 cup cut chives (in 1-inch lengths)
2 ounces enoki mushrooms
2 tablespoons chopped chervil or flat-leaf parsley
2 tablespoons chopped basil In a blender, puree the tofu with the olive oil, tamari, rice vinegar, lemon juice, ginger and sesame oil. Scrape the dressing into a bowl and season with salt.
In a small saucepan of salted boiling water, blanch the snow peas for 30 seconds. Drain and pat dry, then slice lengthwise into thin strips.
Steam the sliced for 10-12 minutes. Drain and cool.
In a large bowl, toss the with the snow peas, chives, enoki mushrooms, chervil and basil. Add the tofu dressing and toss again. Transfer to plates and serve.
MAKE AHEAD
The dressing can be refrigerated for up to 3 days. Stir the dressing before using.
NOTES

Wild rice and chestnut stuffing  Print Recipe

Serves: 10

Preparation time: 30 minutes

Cooking time:1 hour 30 minutes

Wild rice is the seed of an aquatic grass. Although much of it is now cultivated and harvested by machine, it can still be found wild along the shorelines of lakes and rivers in the American Midwest, particularly in Minnesota. There, Native Americans working from canoes still gather the rice by hand. Jumbo-grade grains are the longest and most desirable for this dressing. The rice is done when it is cooked until the ends of the grains have split with a cooking time ranging from 40 to 50 minutes

3 cups water
3/4 cup jumbo-grade wild rice, rinsed
3 teaspoons salt
8 tablespoons (1 stick) unsalted butter
2 cups finely chopped yellow onion
2 cups finely chopped bulb
1 tablespoon poultry seasoning
1 teaspoon dried thyme
1/2 teaspoon seeds
1 pound sliced whole wheat bread, 2 to 3 days old, toasted and cut into 1/2-inch cubes
1 jar (15 oz.) steamed chestnuts
3 eggs
2 1/2 cups turkey stock
1/4 cup finely chopped fresh flat-leaf parsley
1 1/2 teaspoons freshly ground pepper
In a heavy pot, bring the water to a boil over high heat. Add the wild rice and 1 teaspoon of the salt. Cover partially, reduce the heat to low and cook, stirring occasionally, until the rice is tender, about 45 minutes. Drain the rice and let cool. Preheat an oven to 325°F. Generously butter a large, shallow baking dish.
In a large fry pan over medium heat, melt the butter. Add the onion, chopped , poultry seasoning, thyme and seeds. Cover and cook, stirring once or twice, until the vegetables are tender, about 15 minutes. Let cool.
In a large bowl, combine the bread, chestnuts, the onion mixture and the wild rice. In another bowl, whisk the eggs until blended. Whisk the stock into the eggs, then stir the egg mixture into the bowl with the bread mixture. Stir in the parsley, the remaining 2 teaspoon salt and the pepper. Spoon the dressing into the prepared baking dish, cover tightly with aluminum foil and bake for 1 hour. Uncover and bake until the dressing is lightly browned on top, 20 to 30 minutes more.

Note: This dish can also be packed loosely in the body of the turkey and served as a stuffing. Tying the legs together will help hold the stuffing in the body cavity. For turkeys weighing 16 lb. or less, add 30 minutes to the total roasting time.
For turkeys weighing more than 16 lb., add 1 hour to the total roasting time.
conversion of liquids
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Ounces liquids - fl oz
Tablespoons - tbsp
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Weights
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Kilogramms :  kg
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Pounds :  lb
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Degrees Celsius :  °C
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Measures of non liquid ingredients



Non-liquid ingredients in volume converted
into weight using the table below.
For products not included, use a metric scale
Weight of specific 'ingredients in grams

Ingredient

1 cup

3/4 cup

2/3 cup

1/2 cup

1/3 cup

1/4 cup

2 tablespoons

All-purpose wheat flour 120 g 90 g 80 g 60 g 40 g 30 g 15 g
All-purpose sifted wheat flour 110 g 80 g 70 g 55 g 35 g 27 g 13 g
White sugar 200 g 150 g 130 g 100 g 65 g 50 g 25 g
Powdered sugar/Icing sugar 100 g 75 g 70 g 50 g 35 g 25 g 13 g
Brown sugar normally packed 180 g 135 g 120 g 90 g 60 g 45 g 23 g
Corn flour 160 g 120 g 100 g 80 g 50 g 40 g 20 g
Cornstarch 120 g 90 g 80 g 60 g 40 g 30 g 15 g
Rice (not-cooked) 190 g 140 g 125 g 95 g 65 g 48 g 24 g
Macaroni (uncooked) 140 g 100 g 90 g 70 g 45 g 35 g 17 g
Couscous (uncooked) 180 g 135 g 120 g 90 g 60 g 45 g 22 g
Quick oatmeal (uncooked) 90 g 65 g 60 g 45 g 30 g 22 g 11 g
Table salt 300 g 230 g 200 g 150 g 100 g 75 g 40 g
Butter / Margarine 240 g 180 g 160 g 120 g 80 g 60 g 30 g
Shortening 190 g 140 g 125 g 95 g 65 g 48 g 24 g
Fruits and légumes chopped 150 g 110 g 100 g 75 g 50 g 40 g 20 g
chopped walnuts 150 g 110 g 100 g 75 g 50 g 40 g 20 g
Nuts /ground almonds 120 g 90 g 80 g 60 g 40 g 30 g 15 g
Fresh bread crumbs (not packed) 60 g 45 g 40 g 30 g 20 g 15 g 8 g
Dry bread crumbs 150 g 110 g 100 g 75 g 50 g 40 g 20 g
Parmesan grated 90 g 65 g 60 g 45 g 30 g 22 g 11 g
Chocolate chips 150 g 110 g 100 g 75 g 50 g 38 g  19 g
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