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Flounder and sole
are both flatfish, but they differ primarily in eye orientation (flounder can be left or right-eyed, sole are almost always right-eyed) and body shape, with sole being more oval/pointed and flounder more rounded. While true sole is considered a delicacy, much of the "sole" sold is actually flounder, as they are closely related in flavor and texture

The name "flounder" is used for several only distantly related species, though all are in the suborder Pleuronectoidei (families Achiropsettidae, Bothidae, Pleuronectidae, Paralichthyidae, and Samaridae). Some of the better known species that are important in fisheries are:
Western Atlantic
Gulf flounder – Paralichthys albigutta
Southern flounder – Paralichthys lethostigma
Summer flounder (also known as fluke) – Paralichthys dentatus
Winter flounder – Pseudopleuronectes americanus

European waters European flounder – Platichthys flesus
Witch flounder – Glyptocephalus cynoglossus

North Pacific
Halibut – Hippoglossus stenolepis
Olive flounder – Paralichthys olivaceus

Eye migration

An adult flounder with both eyes migrated to its right, upward-facing side
Larval flounder are born with one eye on each side of their head, but as they grow from the larval to juvenile stage through metamorphosis, one eye migrates to the other side of the body. As a result, both eyes are then on the side which faces up. The side to which the eyes migrate is dependent on the species type. As an adult, a flounder changes its habits and camouflages itself by lying on the bottom of the ocean floor as protection against predators.[1]

Dover sole meunière  Print Recipe

Serves: 2

Preparation time:15 minutes

Cooking time:10 minutes

There are three brown butter sauces that traditionally accompany Dover sole:

1. Beurre meunière, which is made with parsley and lemon juice.
2. Beurre amandine, with the addition of sliced toasted almonds.
3. Beurre grenobloise, with the addition of lemon, capers, and small croutons.
2 x 400-450g Dover soles, trimmed and skinned on both sides
Salt and freshly ground white pepper
25g plain flour
4 tbsp vegetable oil
50g unsalted butter, divided
1 Tbsp lemon juice
1 tbsp chopped parsley
1 lemon, cut into crowns for serving Season the Dover soles with salt and white pepper. Coat both sides with flour and then pat off the excess.

Heat the oil in a large non-stick frying pan. Add one of the soles, lower the heat and add a teaspoon of the butter. Fry over a moderate heat for 4–5 minutes, until golden brown. Carefully turn the sole over and cook for 4–5 minutes until golden brown and cooked through.Transfer to a serving plate and keep warm. Repeat with the second fish.

To remove the bones:


Transfer the fish to a clean cutting board. Use a spoon to score the fish down its vertebrae and separate the fish from its spine, creating two bottom fillets. Carefully transfer the dover sole fillets, cooked side down, to a plate. Remove the backbone by using the spoon to guide and separate the backbone from the flesh. Create two more fillets with the thicker side of the fish and place these fillets, cooked side up, on top of the two bottom fillets, reassembling the fish on the plate.

Make the Beurre meunière sauce:

Discard the frying oil and wipe the pan clean. Add the remaining butter and allow it to melt over a medium heat. When the butter starts to smell nutty and turn light brown, add the lemon juice, parsley and some seasoning. Pour some of this beurre noisette over each fish and serve with the crowned lemons.

Breaded Fish Fingers  Print Recipe

Serves: 4

Preparation time: 15 minutes

Cooking time:15 minutes

Children will enjoy these fish fingers.
4 white fish fillets, cod, sole, flounder, halibut,tilapia, perch or basa fish fillets (about 6 oz/175 g each)
1/3 cup (75 mL) light mayonnaise
3/4 cup (175 mL) dry bread crumbs or panko
1 tbsp (15 mL) minced fresh parsley
1-1/2 tsp (7 mL) Cajun seasoning

garnish: seedeless lemon wedges Preheat oven to 450 degress F.
cut fish into 3- x 1-1/2-inch (8 x 4 cm) fingers; place in large bowl.Add mayonnaise; toss to coat.
In shallow dish, combine bread crumbs, parsley and Cajun seasoning; dip fish into bread crumb mixture, turning to coat.

Bake on greased rimmed baking sheet, turning once, for about 15 minutes or until dark golden and fish flakes easily when tested.

Crunchy battered fried fish  Print Recipe

Serves: 4

Preparation time:15 minutes

Cooking time:10 minutes


2 pounds Cod fillets,flounder, sole or turbot
1 1/2 teaspoon paprika divided
1 teaspoon garlic powder
¼ teaspoon salt
¼ teaspoon black pepper
2 tablespoons all-purpose flour

For the batter:
1 1/4 cups all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
1/2 teaspoon baking soda
¼ teaspoon kosher salt
¼ teaspoon ground white pepper
1 cup ice cold water plus more if needed
Peanut oil for frying Cut fish in 1 1/2 inch strips. Place the cut fish in a plastic bag and season with 1 teaspoon of the paprika, garlic powder, salt, and pepper. Close the bag and toss the fish until coated. Add in 2 tablespoons of flour and toss again.
For the batter:
Make the batter by placing the flour, baking powder, baking soda, 1/2 tsp paprika, salt, and pepper into a large bowl and stir it together. Whisk in the water until it forms a batter similar to the consistency of pancake batter. Add a little more water if you need to get the right consistency.
Heat the oil in a heavy bottom skillet over medium heat until it reaches 350°F, you can also use an electric deep fryer as well.
Place the fish in the batter, mix to combine until all pieces are coated while the oil is heating.
When the oil is hot, add the fish piece by piece into the hot oil. Do not crowd the pan, you will have to do this in batches. Flipping halfway through the cooking process takes about 8-10 minutes total.
When the fish has an internal temperature of 165°F and is golden brown, take out of the oil using tongs and place them on a wire rack over a sheet tray. Sprinkle with more salt immediately out of the oil so it will stick to the fish.
Keep cooking until all the fish is done. Serve with your favorite condiments like cocktail sauce or tartar sauce and lemon wedges.

Fillets of sole dieppoise  Print Recipe

Serves: 6

Preparation time:20 minutes

Cooking time:30 minutes


4 ounces butter
1 tablespoon chopped shallots
12 2-ounces fillets of sole
1/2 cup wine
2 cups fish fumet
4 ounces cooked mussels
4 ounces cooked shrimp
6 medium fluted mushrooms
1 cup velouté sauce
1/4 cup heavy cream
12 fleurons Butter a baking dish. Sprinkle with chopped shallots.
Fold the fillets in half and arrange in the pan. Pour over the wine, fish fumet, and the mussel cooking juice.
Cover with parchment paper and bring to a boil on top of the stove. Bake at 350 degrees .F (180 C) for about 5 to 8 minutes.
Arrange the fish fillets on a serving platter.
Garnish with the mussels, shrimp, and fluted mushrooms.
Prepare the velouté sauce with the cooking liquid and fish stock.
Stir in the cream and simmer for 10 minutes or until sauce is medium thick. Pour over the fish. Garnish with fleurons and serve hot.

Scallopine of fish piccata  Print Recipe

Serves: 4

Preparation time:15 minutes

Cooking time:10 minutes

To get pithless lemon sections, you need to use a technique that removes the peel and white pith, then cut between the membranes to release the fruit segments. First, cut off the top and bottom of the lemon and then slice off the peel and pith, following the curve of the fruit. Next, slice down along the sides of each segment, cutting between the membranes, to separate and release the fruit.

1/2 cup flour
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/4 teaspoon pepper
1 1/2 pounds center-cut cod fish fillets, flounder or sole boned
1 tablespoon unsalted butter
1 tablespoon extra virgin olive oil

Piccata sauce:

1 tablespoon unsalted butter
1 shallot (finely diced)
1 teaspoon minced garlic
1 cup white wine
2 tablespoon pithless diced lemon sections (see comment)
1/4 cup fresh squeezed lemon juice
1/4 cup capers (drained)
1 tablespoon chopped fresh parsley
Slice the center-cut cod into thin scallopines

Mix together the flour, salt and pepper on a plate. Dredge the cod in the flour
mixture and place on a plate.
2. Heat the butter and olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high. Once the butter-oil mixture
is hot, add the cod. Cook until golden brown, about 2-3 minutes, then flip and cook an additional 2 minutes or until the fish is opaque throughout and easily flakes with a fork.

Remove to a clean plate.
Reduce the heat to medium and add the remaining butter to the pan. Once melted, add the
shallots and garlic and cook until softened, about 2 minutes


Slowly pour in the wine, raise the heat, and bring to a boil. Reduce by half, scraping up any
browned bits. Add the diced lemon sections, lemon juice and capers and stir.

Place the cod back into the pan to warm through.
Serve the cod topped with spoonfuls of the piccata sauce and garnished with fresh parsley.

Sole meuniere  Print Recipe

Serves: 2

Preparation time:10 minutes

Cooking time:10 minutes

The original Sole Meunière in France is made with Dover Sole. Fillets of lemon sole, flounder or even scallopine of halibut are ideal for this simple recipe.
1/2 cup all purpose flour
4 sole fillets (each about 3 to 4 ounces)
kosher salt
Freshly ground black pepper
2 tablespoons vegetable oil or canola oil
2 tablespoons (1/4 stick) unsalted butter

sauce
1/4 cup (1/2 stick) unsalted butter, cut into 4 pieces
2 tablespoons chopped fresh Italian parsley
1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice
Lemon wedges
Step 1
Place flour in a large plate or dish. Rinse fish; pat with paper towels. Sprinkle both sides of fish with salt and freshly ground pepper. Dredge fish on both sides with flour; shake off excess. Place on platter.

Step 2
Heat oil in large skillet over medium-high heat until oil is hot and shimmers. Add butter; quickly swirl skillet to coat. When foam subsides, add fish and cook until golden on bottom, 2 to 3 minutes. Carefully turn fish over and cook until opaque in center and golden on bottom, 1 to 2 minutes. Divide fish between 2 warmed plates; tent with foil. Pour off drippings from skillet; wipe with paper towels.

Step 3
Place skillet over medium-high heat. Add butter; cook until golden, 1 to 2 minutes. Remove from heat; stir in parsley and lemon juice (sauce may sputter). Spoon sauce over fish. Serve with lemon wedges.
conversion of liquids
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Gallons - gal
Pints - pt
Cups - c
Ounces liquids - fl oz
Tablespoons - tbsp
Teaspoons - tsp
Weights
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Kilogramms :  kg
Gramms :  g
Pounds :  lb
Ounces :  oz

Temperatures

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Degrees Celsius :  °C
degrees Fahrenheit :  °F

Measures of non liquid ingredients



Non-liquid ingredients in volume converted
into weight using the table below.
For products not included, use a metric scale
Weight of specific 'ingredients in grams

Ingredient

1 cup

3/4 cup

2/3 cup

1/2 cup

1/3 cup

1/4 cup

2 tablespoons

All-purpose wheat flour 120 g 90 g 80 g 60 g 40 g 30 g 15 g
All-purpose sifted wheat flour 110 g 80 g 70 g 55 g 35 g 27 g 13 g
White sugar 200 g 150 g 130 g 100 g 65 g 50 g 25 g
Powdered sugar/Icing sugar 100 g 75 g 70 g 50 g 35 g 25 g 13 g
Brown sugar normally packed 180 g 135 g 120 g 90 g 60 g 45 g 23 g
Corn flour 160 g 120 g 100 g 80 g 50 g 40 g 20 g
Cornstarch 120 g 90 g 80 g 60 g 40 g 30 g 15 g
Rice (not-cooked) 190 g 140 g 125 g 95 g 65 g 48 g 24 g
Macaroni (uncooked) 140 g 100 g 90 g 70 g 45 g 35 g 17 g
Couscous (uncooked) 180 g 135 g 120 g 90 g 60 g 45 g 22 g
Quick oatmeal (uncooked) 90 g 65 g 60 g 45 g 30 g 22 g 11 g
Table salt 300 g 230 g 200 g 150 g 100 g 75 g 40 g
Butter / Margarine 240 g 180 g 160 g 120 g 80 g 60 g 30 g
Shortening 190 g 140 g 125 g 95 g 65 g 48 g 24 g
Fruits and légumes chopped 150 g 110 g 100 g 75 g 50 g 40 g 20 g
chopped walnuts 150 g 110 g 100 g 75 g 50 g 40 g 20 g
Nuts /ground almonds 120 g 90 g 80 g 60 g 40 g 30 g 15 g
Fresh bread crumbs (not packed) 60 g 45 g 40 g 30 g 20 g 15 g 8 g
Dry bread crumbs 150 g 110 g 100 g 75 g 50 g 40 g 20 g
Parmesan grated 90 g 65 g 60 g 45 g 30 g 22 g 11 g
Chocolate chips 150 g 110 g 100 g 75 g 50 g 38 g  19 g
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